50 States Project

Marc Los Huertos

May 31, 2022

Updated: 2022-05-31 20:12:05

Introduction

Fifty States Project

We ofen hear about the globe’s rising temperatures without learning much about how weather records in our own region might be contriubuting to these climate change patterns.

In most cases, a station in a state supports the overall global pattern, but in some we see patterns that are ambiguous or even contractory.

Approach

For this project, I downloaded the longest and most complete record for each state and developed a standard set of analysis procedures and share them below.

I have also been working to create short videos that will be shared on various forms of social media.

For additional description of the project methods and R code, see (Weather Station Records and Communicating Climate Change)

Basics in Analyzing Data

Correlation and Causation

One of the most important parts of science is critical thinking, which begins with trying to root out logical falacies. One that comes up alot is the falacy that ``correlation is causation’’. In our case, many of the analysis included here are changes over time. Time in and of itself isn’t the cause of temperature or precipitation changes. Thus, we need to keep in mind, climate changes are due to complex dynanmics in the Earth System, which include natural and anthropocentric drivers.

Statistical Considerations

In many cases, I will report the probability associated with correlations. However, these statistics obscure one of the hardest concepts in statistics: we test the null hypothesis, which might be “no change”. Thus, if the chances are low (< 5% change or 0.05 as a probability), we reject the null hypothesis and accept the altnernative, which in this case is “change”. Frankly, statistics is a bit like walking in a door backwards. You stil get in, but the path is less straightforward.

On this page, I create crude normal probability distributions for each 20 years of records using the mean and standard deviation to “visualize” the change. Most of the data do not meet the assumptions that the data are normally distributed, so we need to see these images as approximations and not a definitive analysis.

Animated Times Series and Predictionss

Sometimes it’s a bit easier to see how these patterns develop over time and relative to what we think of as “pre-industrial” concentrations, which forms a base-line.

Although an animated figured can serve to show changes, it can also be distracting or hard to follow. For example, below I have a pretty straight forward image demonstrating the CO2 changes in Mauna Loa. I think this works pretty well, but I suspect not everyone would agree.

Observed CO2 concentrations (black) have been steadily increasing since we have begun measuring them in late 1950s, with a loess line (red). Note that the slope or the rate of change is also increasing.

Observed CO~2~ concentrations (black) have been steadily increasing since we have begun measuring them in late 1950s, with a loess line (red). Note that the slope or the rate of change is also increasing.

One take home lesson that is critical is that the patterns of the past may not lead to useful predictions into the future. A site that has not shown evidence of climate change in the past might stay the same or reach a tipping point where we might detect dramatic changes. We often rely on modeling the climate system to make predictions, which is well beyond my project here.

States by Region

New England

Connecticut

Station Map (ID:USC00068138) Station Map (ID:USC00068138)

Connecticut)’s record is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Delaware

Station Map (ID:USC00079605) Station Map (ID:USC00079605)

Delaware’s record is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Maine

Station Map (ID:GARDINER, ME US (ID:GHCND:USC00173046)) Station Map (ID:GARDINER, ME US (ID:GHCND:USC00173046))

Maine (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Massachusetts

Station Map (ID:BLUE HILL COOP, MA US (ID:GHCND:USC00190736)) Station Map (ID:BLUE HILL COOP, MA US (ID:GHCND:USC00190736))

Massachusetts (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

New Hampshire

Station Map (ID:USC00068138) Station Map (ID:USC00068138)

New Hampshire (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Rhode Island

Station Map (ID:USC00068138) Station Map (ID:USC00068138)

Rhode Island (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Vermont

Station Map (ID:USC00068138) Station Map (ID:USC00068138)

Vermont (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Apallatian and Estern Mississippi Drainages Areas

Kentucky

Station Map (ID:LEXINGTON BLUEGRASS AIRPORT, KY US (ID:GHCND:USW00093820)) Station Map (ID:LEXINGTON BLUEGRASS AIRPORT, KY US (ID:GHCND:USW00093820))

Kentucky’s temperature changes do not seem to follow the expected warming trends. In fact, this figure suggests that some cooling has occurred. As noted throughout this text, we need to be sure 1) that the records is accurate and 2) to contextulize the changes at this location with others in the region. When we found consistent data between stations in a region, we might be in a better position to determine the overall patterns. Finally, we need to better understand the dynamics of weather in the region to see if we can have a more rubost understanding of climate change.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

West Virginia

Station Map (ID:USC00098740) Station Map (ID:USC00098740)

West Virginia’s temperature changes do not seem to follow the expected warming trends. In fact, this figure suggests that some cooling has occurred. As noted throughout this text, we need to be sure 1) that the records is accurate and 2) to contextulize the changes at this location with others in the region. When we found consistent data between stations in a region, we might be in a better position to determine the overall patterns. Finally, we need to better understand the dynamics of weather in the region to see if we can have a more rubost understanding of climate change.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Tennessee

Station Map (ID:USC00098740) Station Map (ID:USC00098740)

Tennessee’s temperature changes do not seem to follow the expected warming trends. In fact, this figure suggests that some cooling has occurred. As noted throughout this text, we need to be sure 1) that the records is accurate and 2) to contextulize the changes at this location with others in the region. When we found consistent data between stations in a region, we might be in a better position to determine the overall patterns. Finally, we need to better understand the dynamics of weather in the region to see if we can have a more rubost understanding of climate change.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Atlantic Coastal Plain and Applatians

Georgia

Station Map (ID:USC00098740) Station Map (ID:USC00098740)

Georgia’s temperature changes do not seem to follow the expected warming trends. In fact, this figure suggests that some cooling has occurred. As noted throughout this text, we need to be sure 1) that the records is accurate and 2) to contextulize the changes at this location with others in the region. When we found consistent data between stations in a region, we might be in a better position to determine the overall patterns. Finally, we need to better understand the dynamics of weather in the region to see if we can have a more rubost understanding of climate change.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

New Jersey

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

New Jersey (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

North Carolina

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Kansas (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Maryland

Station Map (ID:OAKLAND 1 SE, MD US (ID:GHCND:USC00186620)) Station Map (ID:OAKLAND 1 SE, MD US (ID:GHCND:USC00186620))

Maryland (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Washington DC

Station Map (ID:USC00186350) Station Map (ID:USC00186350)

District of Columbia’s record is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Pennsylvania

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Kansas (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

South Carolina

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Kansas (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Midwest

Arkansas

Station Map (ID:NEWPORT, AR US (ID:GHCND:USC00035186)) Station Map (ID:NEWPORT, AR US (ID:GHCND:USC00035186))

Arkansas’s climate is extremely disturbing, where Tombstone’s data point to a recent rapid change in temperatures.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Illinois

Station Map (ID:KEOKUK LOCK DAM 19, IA US (ID:GHCND:USC00134381)) Station Map (ID:KEOKUK LOCK DAM 19, IA US (ID:GHCND:USC00134381))

Illinois (2021)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Indiana

Station Map (ID:MOUNT VERNON, IN US (ID:GHCND:USC00126001)) Station Map (ID:MOUNT VERNON, IN US (ID:GHCND:USC00126001))

Indiana (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Iowa

Iowa (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Michigan

Station Map (ID:ALMA, MI US (ID:GHCND:USC00200146)) Station Map (ID:ALMA, MI US (ID:GHCND:USC00200146))

Michigan (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Minnesota

Station Map (ID:MORRIS WEST CENTRAL RESEARCH AND OUTREACH CENTER, MN US (ID:GHCND:USC00215638)) Station Map (ID:MORRIS WEST CENTRAL RESEARCH AND OUTREACH CENTER, MN US (ID:GHCND:USC00215638))

Minnesota (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Ohio

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Ohio (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Wisconson

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Wisconson 2022’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Great Plains

Colorado

Station Map (ID:USC00054770) Station Map (ID:USC00054770)

Colorado’s climate is extremely disturbing, where Tombstone’s data point to a recent rapid change in temperatures.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Kansas

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Kansas (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Montana

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Montana (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Nebraska

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Nebraska (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

North Dakota

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

North Dakota (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Oklahoma

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Oklahoma (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

South Dakota

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

South Dakota (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Wyoming

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Wyoming (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Gulf States

Alabama

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

(Alabama)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Florida

Florida’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Louisiana

Station Map (ID:ALEXANDRIA, LA US (ID:GHCND:USC00160098)) Station Map (ID:ALEXANDRIA, LA US (ID:GHCND:USC00160098))

Louisiana (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Mississppi

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Mississppi (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Texas

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Texas’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Selected States with the Inter-Mountain West

Arizona

Arizona’s climate is extremely disturbing, where Tombstone’s data point to a recent rapid change in temperatures.

Idaho

Station Map (ID:PORTHILL, ID US (ID:GHCND:USC00107264)) Station Map (ID:PORTHILL, ID US (ID:GHCND:USC00107264))

Idaho’s record indicates dramatic warming the last century. While the state has relatively mild summer temperatures, these changes have important implications for forest fires which are highly senstive to heat.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

New Mexico

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

New Mexico (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Nevada

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Nevada’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Utah

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Utah’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

West Coast

California

Station Map (ID:USW00023271) Station Map (ID:USW00023271)

California’s temperatures are changing dramatically and radically! The Sacramento station’s temperatures are rising fast that will impact water supplies and agriculture productivity.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Oregon

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Oregon (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Washington

Station Map (ID:USC00018024) Station Map (ID:USC00018024)

Washington (2022)’s recorid is ambigous and possibly even contradictory and demonstrates the counter intuitive results at one location.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Non-Contiguous States and Territories

Alaska

Station Map (ID:USW00026617) Station Map (ID:USW00026617)

Alaska demonstrates one of the patterns observed by climate scientists: The poles experience more warming than many other parts of the world.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Hawaii

Station Map (ID:USC00516588) Station Map (ID:USC00516588)

Hawaii demonstrates one of the patterns observed by climate scientists: The poles experience more warming than many other parts of the world.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Temperature and Precipitation distribution by 20-year periods. Overlap between curves demonstrates high variability. When red line is to the right of the blue line it suggests warming. NOTE: This is a crude analysis, see link for more information.

Parallel issues in Europe and Asia